ICP-MS, ICP-OES and AAS nebulizers  can aspirate liquid samples or they can have sample pumped to them.

In either case, it's important to know how much sample is delivered - especially at uptakes below 400 ul/min.,
since spectroscopic signals become much more dependent upon uptake in that region.

EPOND's   XENA    and  SEDNA  volumetric flow meters were developed for this reason ... they measure
in seconds instead of minutes - and give precise and reproducible answers, irrespective of sample pH,
viscosity, density, thermal or other properties.

     

These meters give  precise, non-contact measurement  of flows in the range 5 to 2000 ul/min.

Although  ICP Nebulizers are available with a range of aspirated uptakes from low ( < 10 ul/min. )
to quite high uptakes ( more than 1 ml/min. ), the use of a peristaltic or other type of pump
can extend the operating range of any individual nebulizer by a wide margin.

In such cases there is still a need for checks on uptake : pump drifts and short-term instabilities
can be flagged with an electronic meter ... peristaltic pump tubes, to cite one example,
will often give a decreasing supply of pumped sample  as a tube ages.

Since your analysis methods require that sample flows be constant  - whether by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, AAS  or other -
the  XENA  and the  SEDNA  can give this quality assurance.

Prices for these meters  -    XENA : CHF 490,-   and the    SEDNA : CHF 940,-